连词 Conjunction
一、连词的定义：
连词是连接单词、短语、从句与句子的词，是虚词，因此它不能独立担任句子成分。
连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。
1、并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句：
(1) 并列关系：and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor
(2) 选择关系：or, either…or
(3) 转折关系：but, while
(4) 因果关系：for, so
2、从属连词：用来引导从句。
(1)引导时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as。
(2)引导条件：if, unless等。
(3)引导原因：because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的：so that, in order that等。
(5)引导让步：though, although, even if等。
(6)引导结果：so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较：than, as…as等。
(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
二、常见并列连词的用法：
1、and：和，并且
I like basketball, football and table tennis. 我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。
He got up and put on his hat. 他站起来，戴上了帽子。
I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park. 我去颐和园，他去北海公园。
2、or：或，或者，否则
Would you like coffee or tea？你喜欢咖啡还是茶？
Tom or I am right. 我或者汤姆是对的。
Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room. 李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。
注意：“A or B”作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词（B）而定，因此例子中的谓语动词服从I，用am。
特别用法：“否则…”
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the bus. 快点吧，否则你就会误了公共汽车。
=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the bus. 如果你不快点，你就会误了这班车。
3、but：但是，可是，而
He is old, but he looks very young. 他老了，但他看起来很年轻。
Li Li likes violin but doesn’t like piano. 李莉喜欢小提琴，但是不喜欢钢琴。
Mary likes violin, but Tom doesn’t. 玛丽喜欢小提琴，而汤姆不喜欢。
He isn’t a teacher but a doctor. 他不是老师，而是医生。
They came here not for money but for the life. 他们到这儿来，不是要钱，而是要命。
注意：but所连接的句子，句中如果某些成分与前面相同，则可以省略。
4、so所以；for 因为
It began to rain，so we had to stay here. 开始下雨了，我们不得不呆在这儿了。
I soon went to sleep, for I was tired. 我很快就入睡了，因为我太累了。
5、both…and：和，既……也……
He can play both the violin and the piano. 他既会拉小提琴，又会弹钢琴。
Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students. 李明和李莉都是好学生。
6、either…or 或……或……；不是……就是……；neither…nor 既不……也不……
I want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai. 我想参观天津或者上海。
Either you or he is right. 不是你，就是他是对的。
Either you or he isn’t right. 你和他都不对。（表示全部否定）
I like neither English nor Chinese. 中文和英文我全不喜欢。
Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不对。（动词就近原则）
7、not only… but also：不但……而且
Not only you but also your father is coming. 不但你，而且你父亲也要来。（动词就近原则）
Jane is not only beautiful but also kind. 珍妮不但漂亮，而且人非常好。
三、常见的从属连词用法：
用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：
1、 that
I think (that) he likes football. 我想他喜欢足球。
I believe (that) you will leave here. 我相信，你会离开这儿的。
I don’t believe (that) you will leave here. 我相信，你不会离开这儿的。（否定形式）
I hope (that)～我希望～
I know (that)～我知道～
I find (that)～我发现～
I’m afraid (that)～恐怕～
I’m sure (that)～确认～
I’m glad (that)～很高兴～
2、引导时间：when，while，till，until，since, As soon as
When he arrives there he will call you. 他到达那儿以后，他会给你打电话。
I entered the room while Li Ming was talking with her.
我进屋时，李明正在和她谈话。
I didn’t go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.
直到我做完作业，我才上床睡觉。
I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago. 自从两年前我开始学习英语以来，我已经学习了两千多个英语单词了。
As soon as I get enough money, I’ll buy it. 我一得到足够的钱，就买它。
3、because：因为，连接原因状语从句
She didn’t go there, because she was ill. 因为她病了，所以她没去那儿。
注意：有了because，就不能再用so。
（X）Because he was tired, so he couldn’t walk there. 因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿了。
（√）Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there. 因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿了。
4、if，though (although) “虽然”
You can pass the exam if you study hard. 如果你努力学习，你会及格的。
Though/Although I was tired, I still worked hard. 虽然我很累，可是我仍然努力地工作。
注意：用了though，although （虽然）就不能再用but（但是）。
Although/Though I live near the sea, I’m not a good swimmer. 虽然我住在海边，可是我游泳并不好。
=I live near the sea，but I’m not a good swimmer.
5、so…that：太……以致……
The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her. 这个小女孩太漂亮了，每个人都喜欢她。
He is so old that he can’t work. = He is too old to work. 他太老了，不能工作。
语法翻译练习
1、请尽快洗好碗，不然我们就会上课迟到了。
2、晚餐lily和我要么吃泡面要么吃汉堡。
3、神不是要我们作好人或者坏人；他乃是要我们作神人。
4、我们不但能教福音朋友中文，也可以同他们一起享受主话。
5、我们相信主会为祂在这个国家的行动预备出路。
6、我们不会停止传扬国度的福音，直到主回来。
7、人一得救了，就需要建立祷告的习惯。
8、如果我们不经历十字架的治死，就无法在生命上达到成熟。
9、虽然我们不能与福音朋友见面，但有分于召会生活的人却增多了。
10、马利亚姊妹太被主的大爱所摸着了，以致她将自己绝对奉献给主了。
1、请尽快洗好碗，不然我们就会上课迟到了。
Please wash the dishes as soon as possible, or we will be late for class.
2、晚餐lily和我要么吃泡面要么吃汉堡。
Lily and I will eat either instant noodles or hamburgers for dinner.
3、神不是要我们作好人或者坏人；他乃是要我们作神人。
God wants us to be neither a good man or a bad man; He desires us to be a God-man.
God doesn’t want us to be either a good man or a bad man; He desires that we would be a God-man.
4、我们不但能教福音朋友中文，也可以同他们一起享受主话。
We can not only teach gospel friends Chinese but also enjoy the Lord’s word together with them.
5、我们相信主会为祂在这个国家的行动预备出路。
We believe that the Lord will prepare a way for His move in His country.
6、我们不会停止传扬国度的福音，直到主回来。
We will not stop/cease preaching the gospel of the kingdom until the Lord comes back.
7、人一得救了，就需要建立祷告的习惯。
As soon as one is saved, he needs to establish the habit of prayer。
One should establish the habit of prayer once he gets saved.
8、如果我们不经历十字架的治死，就无法在生命上达到成熟。
If we would not experience the killing of the cross, we could not arrive the maturity in life.
We could not mature in life unless we would experience the killing of the cross.
We could not mature in life without experiencing the killing of the cross.
9、虽然我们不能与福音朋友见面，但有分于召会生活的人却增多了。
Although we cannot meet our gospel friends, the number of people who participate in the church life has increased.
We cannot meet our gospel friends; however, the number of people participating in the church life has increased.
10、马利亚姊妹太被主的大爱所摸着了，以致她将自己绝对奉献给主了。
Sister May was so touched by the great love of the Lord that she consecrated herself absolutely to the Lord.