情态动词(Modal Verb)
一、常用情态动词:
- can (could) 能
- may (might) 可能
- must 必须
- have to 不得不
- need to 需要
- ought to 应该
- dare (dared) 敢
- shall (should) 应该
- will (would) 会
二、情态动词特征
- 情态动词+动词原形:can come back
- 没有人称变化:I/she can, you/he may
- 否定式:情态动词+not:can – cannot, may– may not
- 疑问句中,直接提前:May I come in? Can you lend me some money?
三、主要情态动词的基本用法:
1 Can:表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”
Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?
2 Could: can的过去式,表示过去的能力或“可能性”
I could run very fast when I was young. 我年轻时跑得很快
3 May:
(1) 用来询问,“可以吗”
May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?
(2) 表示猜测,“可能”
She may not like this place. 她可能不喜欢这个地方
4 Might:may的过去形式,表示询问或推测
He told me he might come. 他说他可能会来。
5 must:“必须”
We must rely on ourselves. 我们必须依靠自己
6 have to:“不得不”
We have to get up early. 我们不得不早起。
7 dare: “敢”
I dare not tell the truth. 我不敢照实说出
8 need to:“需要”
I think he needs to do it again. 我认为他需要重新做一次。
9 should: “应该”
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助
* should+完成式时:表示过去的事情,该做却没做。
I should have written you earlier. 我应当早给你写回信(但没写)。
10 will, would:提出请求,would较 will更客气些
Will you help me? 你能帮帮我吗?
Would you like some tea? 你想喝点茶吗?
三、翻译练习
1 神乃是按着自己的形象,照着自己的样式造人,为叫人彰显祂。
2 神把约伯带进神圣的范围里,使他能得着神。
3 在那之前,我发现凭着自己不能爱人、不能谦卑、也不能有忍耐。
4 我必须学习如何不凭我们人的生命活着。
5 对不起,我那时不该打断你的说话。
6 我可以借一下你们区的摩托车吗?
7 因为疫情,我们不得不进行线上聚会。
8 这两周房东不敢让陌生人来餐厅。
9 目前我们认为福音朋友玛利亚很需要得着扎实的牧养。
10 你下午会给菲比姊妹回个电话吗?
1 神乃是按着自己的形象,照着自己的样式造人,为叫人彰显祂。
God created man in His own image and after His likeness that man may express Him.
2 神把约伯带进神圣的范围里,使他能得着神。
God brought Job into the divine realm so that he might gain God.
3 在那之前,我发现凭着自己不能爱人、不能谦卑、也不能有忍耐。
Before that time, I discovered that I could not love, I could not be humble, and I could not be patient.
4 我必须学习如何不凭我们人的生命活着。
I must learn how to live not by our human life.
5 对不起,我那时不该打断你的说话。
Sorry, I should not have interrupted you at that time.
6 我可以借一下你们区的摩托车吗?
May I borrow the motorbike of your district?
7 因为疫情,我们不得不进行线上聚会。
We have to conduct our meetings online due to the pandemic.
8 这两周房东不敢让陌生人来餐厅。
The house owner dares not allow strangers to come to the dining hall these two weeks.
9 目前我们认为福音朋友玛利亚很需要得着扎实的牧养。
At present we think our gospel friend Mary really needs to receive the solid shepherding.
10 你下午会给菲比姊妹回个电话吗?
Will you call sister Phoebe back this afternoon?